Spo0A

• Description: phosphorelay regulator, initiation of sporulation, coordinates DNA replication and initiation of sporulation by binding to sites close to the oriC
  
  

Gene name	spo0A
Synonyms	spo0C, spo0G, spoIIL, sof-1
Essential	no
Product	phosphorelay response regulator
Function	initiation of sporulation
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: spo0A
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: Spo0A
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: Biofilm, Nucleotides (regulation), Ammonium/ glutamate, Central C-metabolism,Sugar catabolism, Phosphorelay, Stress, tRNA charging,Lipid synthesis, Protein secretion
MW, pI	29 kDa, 5.989
Gene length, protein length	801 bp, 267 aa
Immediate neighbours	yqiG, spoIVB
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

transcription factors and their control, phosphorelay, biofilm formation, phosphoproteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigH regulon, Spo0A regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU24220

Phenotypes of a mutant

• inactivation of spo0A restores beta-lactam resistance in a sigM mutant PubMed
• altered cell death pattern in colonies PubMed

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • activation of gene expression at the onset of sporulation (Spo0A regulon)
  • coordination between DNA replication and initiation of sporulation by binding to sites close to the oriC (this limits re-initiation of replication) PubMed

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification: receives phosphorylation from Spo0B, dephosphorylation by Spo0E, direct phosphorylation by KinC upon potassium leakage PubMed

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • the phosphorylation state affects DNA binding activity
  • interaction with MecA inhibits the transcriptional activity of Spo0A∼P PubMed

• Interactions:
  • KinC-Spo0A PubMed
  • Spo0A-Spo0E PubMed
  • Spo0A-SigA PubMed
  • Spo0A-Spo0B
  • SinI-Spo0A PubMed
  • MecA-Spo0A PubMed

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure: 1QMP (with phosphorylated aspartate, Geobacillus stearothermophilus), 1FC3 (trans-activation domain, Geobacillus stearothermophilus), 1LQ1 (complex with DNA)

• UniProt: P06534

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: spo0A PubMed

• Expression browser: spo0A PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed, SigH PubMed

• Regulation:
  • repressed under conditions that trigger sporulation (Spo0A) PubMed
  • repressed by casamino acids PubMed
  • repressed by SinR overexpression PubMed
  • repressed by soj PubMed
  • expression increases when drowth rate declines PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • Spo0A: transcription repression PubMed
  • Spo0A synthesis is subject to a post-transcriptional control mechanism such that translation of mRNAs originating from the SigA-dependent promoter is impeded due to RNA secondary structure PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

• Tony Wilkinson, York University, U.K. homepage
• Imrich Barak, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia homepage
• Charles Moran, Emory University, NC, USA homepage

References

Other original Publications

Additional publications: PubMed

Prahathees Eswaramoorthy, Jeffrey Dinh, Daniel Duan, Oleg A Igoshin, Masaya Fujita
Single-cell measurement of the levels and distributions of the phosphorelay components in a population of sporulating Bacillus subtilis cells.
Microbiology (Reading): 2010, 156(Pt 8);2294-2304
[PubMed:20413551] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Arnaud Chastanet, Dennis Vitkup, Guo-Cheng Yuan, Thomas M Norman, Jun S Liu, Richard M Losick
Broadly heterogeneous activation of the master regulator for sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2010, 107(18);8486-91
[PubMed:20404177] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Steve D Seredick, Barbara M Seredick, David Baker, George B Spiegelman
An A257V mutation in the bacillus subtilis response regulator Spo0A prevents regulated expression of promoters with low-consensus binding sites.
J Bacteriol: 2009, 191(17);5489-98
[PubMed:19581368] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Virginia Castilla-Llorente, Wilfried J J Meijer, Margarita Salas
Differential Spo0A-mediated effects on transcription and replication of the related Bacillus subtilis phages Nf and phi29 explain their different behaviours in vivo.
Nucleic Acids Res: 2009, 37(15);4955-64
[PubMed:19528067] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Guangnan Chen, Amrita Kumar, Travis H Wyman, Charles P Moran
Spo0A-dependent activation of an extended -10 region promoter in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(4);1411-8
[PubMed:16452424] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Jessica M Silvaggi, John B Perkins, Richard Losick
Genes for small, noncoding RNAs under sporulation control in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(2);532-41
[PubMed:16385044] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Amrita Kumar, Cindy Buckner Starke, Mark DeZalia, Charles P Moran
Surfaces of Spo0A and RNA polymerase sigma factor A that interact at the spoIIG promoter in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(1);200-6
[PubMed:14679239] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Masaya Fujita, Richard Losick
The master regulator for entry into sporulation in Bacillus subtilis becomes a cell-specific transcription factor after asymmetric division.
Genes Dev: 2003, 17(9);1166-74
[PubMed:12730135] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Haiyan Zhao, Tarek Msadek, James Zapf, Madhusudan, James A Hoch, Kottayil I Varughese
DNA complexed structure of the key transcription factor initiating development in sporulating bacteria.
Structure: 2002, 10(8);1041-50
[PubMed:12176382] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Sophie J Stephenson, Marta Perego
Interaction surface of the Spo0A response regulator with the Spo0E phosphatase.
Mol Microbiol: 2002, 44(6);1455-67
[PubMed:12067336] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C Eymann, G Mittenhuber, M Hecker
The stringent response, sigmaH-dependent gene expression and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Gen Genet: 2001, 264(6);913-23
[PubMed:11254139] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M Jiang, W Shao, M Perego, J A Hoch
Multiple histidine kinases regulate entry into stationary phase and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2000, 38(3);535-42
[PubMed:11069677] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

P Fawcett, P Eichenberger, R Losick, P Youngman
The transcriptional profile of early to middle sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2000, 97(14);8063-8
[PubMed:10869437] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C M Buckner, C P Moran
A region in Bacillus subtilis sigmaH required for Spo0A-dependent promoter activity.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(18);4987-90
[PubMed:9733708] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

G Schyns, C M Buckner, C P Moran
Activation of the Bacillus subtilis spoIIG promoter requires interaction of Spo0A and the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase.
J Bacteriol: 1997, 179(17);5605-8
[PubMed:9287022] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L V Wray, A E Ferson, S H Fisher
Expression of the Bacillus subtilis ureABC operon is controlled by multiple regulatory factors including CodY, GlnR, TnrA, and Spo0H.
J Bacteriol: 1997, 179(17);5494-501
[PubMed:9287005] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M Perego, P Glaser, J A Hoch
Aspartyl-phosphate phosphatases deactivate the response regulator components of the sporulation signal transduction system in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 1996, 19(6);1151-7
[PubMed:8730857] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J K Grimsley, R B Tjalkens, M A Strauch, T H Bird, G B Spiegelman, Z Hostomsky, J M Whiteley, J A Hoch
Subunit composition and domain structure of the Spo0A sporulation transcription factor of Bacillus subtilis.
J Biol Chem: 1994, 269(24);16977-82
[PubMed:8207022] [WorldCat.org] (P p)

K L Ohlsen, J K Grimsley, J A Hoch
Deactivation of the sporulation transcription factor Spo0A by the Spo0E protein phosphatase.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 1994, 91(5);1756-60
[PubMed:8127878] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

T H Bird, J K Grimsley, J A Hoch, G B Spiegelman
Phosphorylation of Spo0A activates its stimulation of in vitro transcription from the Bacillus subtilis spoIIG operon.
Mol Microbiol: 1993, 9(4);741-9
[PubMed:8231806] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M A Strauch, K A Trach, J Day, J A Hoch
Spo0A activates and represses its own synthesis by binding at its dual promoters.
Biochimie: 1992, 74(7-8);619-26
[PubMed:1391039] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M Predich, G Nair, I Smith
Bacillus subtilis early sporulation genes kinA, spo0F, and spo0A are transcribed by the RNA polymerase containing sigma H.
J Bacteriol: 1992, 174(9);2771-8
[PubMed:1569009] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M Perego, J J Wu, G B Spiegelman, J A Hoch
Mutational dissociation of the positive and negative regulatory properties of the Spo0A sporulation transcription factor of Bacillus subtilis.
Gene: 1991, 100;207-12
[PubMed:1905258] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

G Spiegelman, B Van Hoy, M Perego, J Day, K Trach, J A Hoch
Structural alterations in the Bacillus subtilis Spo0A regulatory protein which suppress mutations at several spo0 loci.
J Bacteriol: 1990, 172(9);5011-9
[PubMed:2118505] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M Strauch, V Webb, G Spiegelman, J A Hoch
The SpoOA protein of Bacillus subtilis is a repressor of the abrB gene.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 1990, 87(5);1801-5
[PubMed:2106683] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

F A Ferrari, K Trach, D LeCoq, J Spence, E Ferrari, J A Hoch
Characterization of the spo0A locus and its deduced product.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 1985, 82(9);2647-51
[PubMed:3157992] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

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